Sunday, May 9, 2010

Sanskrit Transliteration Guide (Source: Wikipedia)

Vowels

Devanāgarī IAST ITRANS
अ a a
आ ā A / aa
इ i i
ई ī I / ii
उ u u
ऊ ū U / uu
Diphthongs
ए e e
ऐ ai ai
ओ o o
औ au au
Alveolar approximant
ऋ ṛ RRi / R^i
ॠ ṝ RRI / R^I
ऌ ḷ LLi / L^i
ॡ ḹ LLI / L^I
Anusvara
अं ṃ M / .n / .m
Visarga
अः ḥ H
Consonants The Devanāgarī consonant letters include an implicit 'a' sound.
In all of the transliteration systems, that 'a' sound should be represented explicitly.


velars palatals retroflexes dentals labials
Dev.
IAST
क
k K
च
c C
ट
ṭ Ṭ
त
t T
प
p P
unvoiced stops
ITRANS
k
ch
T
t
p
Dev.
IAST
ख
kh Kh
छ
ch Ch
ठ
ṭh Ṭh
थ
th Th
फ
ph Ph
aspirated unvoiced stops
ITRANS kh
Ch
Th
th
ph
Dev.
IAST
ग
g G
ज
j J
ड
ḍ Ḍ
द
d D
ब
b B
voiced stops
ITRANS g
j
D
d
b
Dev.
IAST
घ
gh Gh
झ
jh Jh
ढ
ḍh Ḍh
ध
dh Dh
भ
bh Bh
aspirated voiced stops
ITRANS gh
jh
Dh
dh
bh
Dev.
IAST
ङ
ṅ Ṅ
ञ
ñ Ñ
ण
ṇ Ṇ
न
n N
म
m M
nasal
ITRANS ~N
~n
N
n
m
Dev.
IAST
य
y Y
र
r R
ल
l L
व
v V
semi-vowels
ITRANS
y
r
l
v or w
Dev.
IAST
श
ś Ś
ष
ṣ Ṣ
स
s S
sibilants
ITRANS
sh
Sh
s

Dev.
IAST
ह
h H
voiced fricative
ITRANS h





Note: Unlike ASCII-only romanizations such as ITRANS or Harvard-Kyoto, the diacritics used for IAST allow capitalization of proper names. The capital variants of letters never occurring word-initially (Ṇ Ṅ Ñ Ṝ) are only useful in Pāṇini contexts, where the convention is to typeset the IT sounds as capital letters (see Aṣṭādhyāyī).
Irregular Consonant Clusters

Devanāgarī IAST ITRANS
क्ष kṣ kS / kSh / x
त्र tr tr
ज्ञ jñ GY / j~n
श्र śr shr

Other Consonants

Devanāgarī IAST ITRANS
क़ q q
ख़ k͟h Kh
ग़ ġ G
ज़ z z
फ़ f f
ड़ ṛ .D / R
ढ़ ṛh .Dh / Rh



No comments: